src/world/world.cpp

   1 #include "Body.hpp"
   2 #include "Orbit.hpp"
   3 #include "Planet.hpp"
   4 #include "Resource.hpp"
   5 #include "Set.hpp"
   6 #include "Simulation.hpp"
   7 #include "Sun.hpp"
   8 #include "Tile.hpp"
   9 #include "TileType.hpp"
  10
  11 #include "../const.hpp"
  12 #include "../app/Assets.hpp"
  13 #include "../creature/Creature.hpp"
  14 #include "../graphics/Viewport.hpp"
  15 #include "../rand/OctaveNoise.hpp"
  16 #include "../rand/SimplexNoise.hpp"
  17
  18 #include <algorithm>
  19 #include <cmath>
  20 #include <iostream>
  21 #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
  22 #include <glm/gtx/euler_angles.hpp>
  23 #include <glm/gtx/io.hpp>
  24 #include <glm/gtx/transform.hpp>
  25
  26 using blobs::G;
  27 using blobs::PI_2p0;
  28
  29 using std::sin;
  30 using std::cos;
  31 using std::pow;
  32 using std::sqrt;
  33
  34
  35 namespace blobs {
  36 namespace world {
  37
  38 Body::Body()
  39 : sim(nullptr)
  40 , parent(nullptr)
  41 , children()
  42 , mass(1.0)
  43 , radius(1.0)
  44 , orbit()
  45 , surface_tilt(0.0, 0.0)
  46 , axis_tilt(0.0, 0.0)
  47 , rotation(0.0)
  48 , angular(0.0)
  49 , orbital(1.0)
  50 , inverse_orbital(1.0)
  51 , local(1.0)
  52 , inverse_local(1.0)
  53 , creatures()
  54 , atmosphere(-1) {
  55 }
  56
  57 Body::~Body() {
  58         for (creature::Creature *c : creatures) {
  59                 delete c;
  60         }
  61 }
  62
  63 void Body::SetSimulation(Simulation &s) noexcept {
  64         sim = &s;
  65         for (auto child : children) {
  66                 child->SetSimulation(s);
  67         }
  68 }
  69
  70 void Body::SetParent(Body &p) {
  71         if (HasParent()) {
  72                 UnsetParent();
  73         }
  74         parent = &p;
  75         parent->AddChild(*this);
  76 }
  77
  78 void Body::UnsetParent() {
  79         if (!HasParent()) return;
  80         parent->RemoveChild(*this);
  81         parent = nullptr;
  82 }
  83
  84 void Body::AddChild(Body &c) {
  85         children.push_back(&c);
  86         c.SetSimulation(*sim);
  87 }
  88
  89 void Body::RemoveChild(Body &c) {
  90         auto entry = std::find(children.begin(), children.end(), &c);
  91         if (entry != children.end()) {
  92                 children.erase(entry);
  93         }
  94 }
  95
  96 double Body::Inertia() const noexcept {
  97         // assume solid sphere for now
  98         return (2.0/5.0) * Mass() * pow(Radius(), 2);
  99 }
 100
 101 double Body::GravitationalParameter() const noexcept {
 102         return G * Mass();
 103 }
 104
 105 double Body::OrbitalPeriod() const noexcept {
 106         if (parent) {
 107                 return PI_2p0 * sqrt(pow(orbit.SemiMajorAxis(), 3) / (G * (parent->Mass() + Mass())));
 108         } else {
 109                 return 0.0;
 110         }
 111 }
 112
 113 double Body::RotationalPeriod() const noexcept {
 114         if (std::abs(angular) < std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon()) {
 115                 return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
 116         } else {
 117                 return PI_2p0 * Inertia() / angular;
 118         }
 119 }
 120
 121 glm::dmat4 Body::ToUniverse() const noexcept {
 122         glm::dmat4 m(1.0);
 123         const Body *b = this;
 124         while (b->HasParent()) {
 125                 m = b->ToParent() * m;
 126                 b = &b->Parent();
 127         }
 128         return m;
 129 }
 130
 131 glm::dmat4 Body::FromUniverse() const noexcept {
 132         glm::dmat4 m(1.0);
 133         const Body *b = this;
 134         while (b->HasParent()) {
 135                 m *= b->FromParent();
 136                 b = &b->Parent();
 137         }
 138         return m;
 139 }
 140
 141 void Body::Tick(double dt) {
 142         rotation += dt * AngularMomentum() / Inertia();
 143         Cache();
 144         for (creature::Creature *c : Creatures()) {
 145                 c->Tick(dt);
 146         }
 147 }
 148
 149 void Body::Cache() noexcept {
 150         if (parent) {
 151                 orbital =
 152                         orbit.Matrix(PI_2p0 * (GetSimulation().Time() / OrbitalPeriod()))
 153                         * glm::eulerAngleXY(axis_tilt.x, axis_tilt.y);
 154                 inverse_orbital =
 155                         glm::eulerAngleYX(-axis_tilt.y, -axis_tilt.x)
 156                         * orbit.InverseMatrix(PI_2p0 * (GetSimulation().Time() / OrbitalPeriod()));
 157         } else {
 158                 orbital = glm::eulerAngleXY(axis_tilt.x, axis_tilt.y);
 159                 inverse_orbital = glm::eulerAngleYX(-axis_tilt.y, -axis_tilt.x);
 160         }
 161         local =
 162                 glm::eulerAngleY(rotation)
 163                 * glm::eulerAngleXY(surface_tilt.x, surface_tilt.y);
 164         inverse_local =
 165                 glm::eulerAngleYX(-surface_tilt.y, -surface_tilt.x)
 166                 * glm::eulerAngleY(-rotation);
 167 }
 168
 169 void Body::AddCreature(creature::Creature *c) {
 170         creatures.push_back(c);
 171 }
 172
 173 void Body::RemoveCreature(creature::Creature *c) {
 174         auto entry = std::find(creatures.begin(), creatures.end(), c);
 175         if (entry != creatures.end()) {
 176                 creatures.erase(entry);
 177         }
 178 }
 179
 180
 181 Orbit::Orbit()
 182 : sma(1.0)
 183 , ecc(0.0)
 184 , inc(0.0)
 185 , asc(0.0)
 186 , arg(0.0)
 187 , mna(0.0) {
 188 }
 189
 190 Orbit::~Orbit() {
 191 }
 192
 193 double Orbit::SemiMajorAxis() const noexcept {
 194         return sma;
 195 }
 196
 197 Orbit &Orbit::SemiMajorAxis(double s) noexcept {
 198         sma = s;
 199         return *this;
 200 }
 201
 202 double Orbit::Eccentricity() const noexcept {
 203         return ecc;
 204 }
 205
 206 Orbit &Orbit::Eccentricity(double e) noexcept {
 207         ecc = e;
 208         return *this;
 209 }
 210
 211 double Orbit::Inclination() const noexcept {
 212         return inc;
 213 }
 214
 215 Orbit &Orbit::Inclination(double i) noexcept {
 216         inc = i;
 217         return *this;
 218 }
 219
 220 double Orbit::LongitudeAscending() const noexcept {
 221         return asc;
 222 }
 223
 224 Orbit &Orbit::LongitudeAscending(double l) noexcept {
 225         asc = l;
 226         return *this;
 227 }
 228
 229 double Orbit::ArgumentPeriapsis() const noexcept {
 230         return arg;
 231 }
 232
 233 Orbit &Orbit::ArgumentPeriapsis(double a) noexcept {
 234         arg = a;
 235         return *this;
 236 }
 237
 238 double Orbit::MeanAnomaly() const noexcept {
 239         return mna;
 240 }
 241
 242 Orbit &Orbit::MeanAnomaly(double m) noexcept {
 243         mna = m;
 244         return *this;
 245 }
 246
 247 namespace {
 248
 249 double mean2eccentric(double M, double e) {
 250         double E = M; // eccentric anomaly, solve M = E - e sin E
 251         // limit to 100 steps to prevent deadlocks in impossible situations
 252         for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
 253                 double dE = (E - e * sin(E) - M) / (1 - e * cos(E));
 254                 E -= dE;
 255                 if (abs(dE) < 1.0e-6) break;
 256         }
 257         return E;
 258 }
 259
 260 }
 261
 262 glm::dmat4 Orbit::Matrix(double t) const noexcept {
 263         double M = mna + t;
 264         double E = mean2eccentric(M, ecc);
 265
 266         // coordinates in orbital plane, P=x, Q=-z
 267         double P = sma * (cos(E) - ecc);
 268         double Q = sma * sin(E) * sqrt(1 - (ecc * ecc));
 269
 270         return glm::yawPitchRoll(asc, inc, arg) * glm::translate(glm::dvec3(P, 0.0, -Q));
 271 }
 272
 273 glm::dmat4 Orbit::InverseMatrix(double t) const noexcept {
 274         double M = mna + t;
 275         double E = mean2eccentric(M, ecc);
 276         double P = sma * (cos(E) - ecc);
 277         double Q = sma * sin(E) * sqrt(1 - (ecc * ecc));
 278         return glm::translate(glm::dvec3(-P, 0.0, Q)) * glm::transpose(glm::yawPitchRoll(asc, inc, arg));
 279 }
 280
 281
 282 Planet::Planet(int sidelength)
 283 : Body()
 284 , sidelength(sidelength)
 285 , tiles(TilesTotal())
 286 , vao() {
 287         Radius(double(sidelength) / 2.0);
 288 }
 289
 290 Planet::~Planet() {
 291 }
 292
 293 const TileType &Planet::TypeAt(int srf, int x, int y) const {
 294         return GetSimulation().TileTypes()[TileAt(srf, x, y).type];
 295 }
 296
 297 glm::ivec2 Planet::SurfacePosition(int srf, const glm::dvec3 &pos) const noexcept {
 298         return glm::ivec2(
 299                 PositionToTile(pos[(srf + 0) % 3]),
 300                 PositionToTile(pos[(srf + 1) % 3]));
 301 }
 302
 303 double Planet::SurfaceElevation(int srf, const glm::dvec3 &pos) const noexcept {
 304         return srf < 3
 305                 ? pos[(srf + 2) % 3] - Radius()
 306                 : -pos[(srf + 2) % 3] - Radius();
 307 }
 308
 309 glm::dvec3 Planet::TileCenter(int srf, int x, int y, double e) const noexcept {
 310         glm::dvec3 center(0.0f);
 311         center[(srf + 0) % 3] = x + 0.5 - Radius();
 312         center[(srf + 1) % 3] = y + 0.5 - Radius();
 313         center[(srf + 2) % 3] = srf < 3 ? (Radius() + e) : -(Radius() + e);
 314         return center;
 315 }
 316
 317 void Planet::BuildVAO(const Set<TileType> &ts) {
 318         vao.reset(new graphics::SimpleVAO<Attributes, unsigned int>);
 319         vao->Bind();
 320         vao->BindAttributes();
 321         vao->EnableAttribute(0);
 322         vao->EnableAttribute(1);
 323         vao->AttributePointer<glm::vec3>(0, false, offsetof(Attributes, position));
 324         vao->AttributePointer<glm::vec3>(1, false, offsetof(Attributes, tex_coord));
 325         vao->ReserveAttributes(TilesTotal() * 4, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 326         {
 327                 auto attrib = vao->MapAttributes(GL_WRITE_ONLY);
 328                 float offset = Radius();
 329
 330                 // srf  0  1  2  3  4  5
 331                 //  up +Z +X +Y -Z -X -Y
 332
 333                 for (int index = 0, surface = 0; surface < 6; ++surface) {
 334                         for (int y = 0; y < sidelength; ++y) {
 335                                 for (int x = 0; x < sidelength; ++x, ++index) {
 336                                         float tex = ts[TileAt(surface, x, y).type].texture;
 337                                         const float tex_u_begin = surface < 3 ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
 338                                         const float tex_u_end = surface < 3 ? 0.0f : 1.0f;
 339                                         attrib[4 * index + 0].position[(surface + 0) % 3] = x + 0 - offset;
 340                                         attrib[4 * index + 0].position[(surface + 1) % 3] = y + 0 - offset;
 341                                         attrib[4 * index + 0].position[(surface + 2) % 3] = surface < 3 ? offset : -offset;
 342                                         attrib[4 * index + 0].tex_coord[0] = tex_u_begin;
 343                                         attrib[4 * index + 0].tex_coord[1] = 1.0f;
 344                                         attrib[4 * index + 0].tex_coord[2] = tex;
 345
 346                                         attrib[4 * index + 1].position[(surface + 0) % 3] = x + 0 - offset;
 347                                         attrib[4 * index + 1].position[(surface + 1) % 3] = y + 1 - offset;
 348                                         attrib[4 * index + 1].position[(surface + 2) % 3] = surface < 3 ? offset : -offset;
 349                                         attrib[4 * index + 1].tex_coord[0] = tex_u_end;
 350                                         attrib[4 * index + 1].tex_coord[1] = 1.0f;
 351                                         attrib[4 * index + 1].tex_coord[2] = tex;
 352
 353                                         attrib[4 * index + 2].position[(surface + 0) % 3] = x + 1 - offset;
 354                                         attrib[4 * index + 2].position[(surface + 1) % 3] = y + 0 - offset;
 355                                         attrib[4 * index + 2].position[(surface + 2) % 3] = surface < 3 ? offset : -offset;
 356                                         attrib[4 * index + 2].tex_coord[0] = tex_u_begin;
 357                                         attrib[4 * index + 2].tex_coord[1] = 0.0f;
 358                                         attrib[4 * index + 2].tex_coord[2] = tex;
 359
 360                                         attrib[4 * index + 3].position[(surface + 0) % 3] = x + 1 - offset;
 361                                         attrib[4 * index + 3].position[(surface + 1) % 3] = y + 1 - offset;
 362                                         attrib[4 * index + 3].position[(surface + 2) % 3] = surface < 3 ? offset : -offset;
 363                                         attrib[4 * index + 3].tex_coord[0] = tex_u_end;
 364                                         attrib[4 * index + 3].tex_coord[1] = 0.0f;
 365                                         attrib[4 * index + 3].tex_coord[2] = tex;
 366                                 }
 367                         }
 368                 }
 369         }
 370         vao->BindElements();
 371         vao->ReserveElements(TilesTotal() * 6, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 372         {
 373                 auto element = vao->MapElements(GL_WRITE_ONLY);
 374                 int index = 0;
 375                 for (int surface = 0; surface < 3; ++surface) {
 376                         for (int y = 0; y < sidelength; ++y) {
 377                                 for (int x = 0; x < sidelength; ++x, ++index) {
 378                                         element[6 * index + 0] = 4 * index + 0;
 379                                         element[6 * index + 1] = 4 * index + 2;
 380                                         element[6 * index + 2] = 4 * index + 1;
 381                                         element[6 * index + 3] = 4 * index + 1;
 382                                         element[6 * index + 4] = 4 * index + 2;
 383                                         element[6 * index + 5] = 4 * index + 3;
 384                                 }
 385                         }
 386                 }
 387                 for (int surface = 3; surface < 6; ++surface) {
 388                         for (int y = 0; y < sidelength; ++y) {
 389                                 for (int x = 0; x < sidelength; ++x, ++index) {
 390                                         element[6 * index + 0] = 4 * index + 0;
 391                                         element[6 * index + 1] = 4 * index + 1;
 392                                         element[6 * index + 2] = 4 * index + 2;
 393                                         element[6 * index + 3] = 4 * index + 2;
 394                                         element[6 * index + 4] = 4 * index + 1;
 395                                         element[6 * index + 5] = 4 * index + 3;
 396                                 }
 397                         }
 398                 }
 399         }
 400         vao->Unbind();
 401 }
 402
 403 void Planet::Draw(app::Assets &assets, graphics::Viewport &viewport) {
 404         if (!vao) return;
 405
 406         vao->Bind();
 407         const glm::mat4 &MV = assets.shaders.planet_surface.MV();
 408         assets.shaders.planet_surface.SetNormal(glm::vec3(MV * glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)));
 409         vao->DrawTriangles(TilesPerSurface() * 6, TilesPerSurface() * 6 * 0);
 410         assets.shaders.planet_surface.SetNormal(glm::vec3(MV * glm::vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)));
 411         vao->DrawTriangles(TilesPerSurface() * 6, TilesPerSurface() * 6 * 1);
 412         assets.shaders.planet_surface.SetNormal(glm::vec3(MV * glm::vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)));
 413         vao->DrawTriangles(TilesPerSurface() * 6, TilesPerSurface() * 6 * 2);
 414         assets.shaders.planet_surface.SetNormal(glm::vec3(MV * glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)));
 415         vao->DrawTriangles(TilesPerSurface() * 6, TilesPerSurface() * 6 * 3);
 416         assets.shaders.planet_surface.SetNormal(glm::vec3(MV * glm::vec4(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)));
 417         vao->DrawTriangles(TilesPerSurface() * 6, TilesPerSurface() * 6 * 4);
 418         assets.shaders.planet_surface.SetNormal(glm::vec3(MV * glm::vec4(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)));
 419         vao->DrawTriangles(TilesPerSurface() * 6, TilesPerSurface() * 6 * 5);
 420 }
 421
 422
 423 void GenerateEarthlike(const Set<TileType> &tiles, Planet &p) noexcept {
 424         rand::SimplexNoise elevation_gen(0);
 425         rand::SimplexNoise variation_gen(45623752346);
 426
 427         const int ice = tiles["ice"].id;
 428         const int ocean = tiles["ocean"].id;
 429         const int water = tiles["water"].id;
 430         const int sand = tiles["sand"].id;
 431         const int grass = tiles["grass"].id;
 432         const int tundra = tiles["tundra"].id;
 433         const int taiga = tiles["taiga"].id;
 434         const int desert = tiles["desert"].id;
 435         const int mntn = tiles["mountain"].id;
 436         const int algae = tiles["algae"].id;
 437         const int forest = tiles["forest"].id;
 438         const int jungle = tiles["jungle"].id;
 439         const int rock = tiles["rock"].id;
 440         const int wheat = tiles["wheat"].id;
 441
 442         constexpr double ocean_thresh = -0.2;
 443         constexpr double water_thresh = 0.0;
 444         constexpr double beach_thresh = 0.05;
 445         constexpr double highland_thresh = 0.4;
 446         constexpr double mountain_thresh = 0.5;
 447
 448         const glm::dvec3 axis(glm::dvec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0) * glm::eulerAngleXY(p.SurfaceTilt().x, p.SurfaceTilt().y));
 449         const double cap_thresh = std::abs(std::cos(p.AxialTilt().x));
 450         const double equ_thresh = std::abs(std::sin(p.AxialTilt().x)) / 2.0;
 451         const double fzone_start = equ_thresh - (equ_thresh - cap_thresh) / 3.0;
 452         const double fzone_end = cap_thresh + (equ_thresh - cap_thresh) / 3.0;
 453
 454         for (int surface = 0; surface <= 5; ++surface) {
 455                 for (int y = 0; y < p.SideLength(); ++y) {
 456                         for (int x = 0; x < p.SideLength(); ++x) {
 457                                 glm::dvec3 to_tile = p.TileCenter(surface, x, y);
 458                                 double near_axis = std::abs(glm::dot(glm::normalize(to_tile), axis));
 459                                 if (near_axis > cap_thresh) {
 460                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = ice;
 461                                         continue;
 462                                 }
 463                                 float elevation = rand::OctaveNoise(
 464                                         elevation_gen,
 465                                         to_tile / p.Radius(),
 466                                         3,   // octaves
 467                                         0.5, // persistence
 468                                         5 / p.Radius(), // frequency
 469                                         2,   // amplitude
 470                                         2    // growth
 471                                 );
 472                                 float variation = rand::OctaveNoise(
 473                                         variation_gen,
 474                                         to_tile / p.Radius(),
 475                                         3,   // octaves
 476                                         0.5, // persistence
 477                                         16 / p.Radius(), // frequency
 478                                         2,   // amplitude
 479                                         2    // growth
 480                                 );
 481                                 if (elevation < ocean_thresh) {
 482                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = ocean;
 483                                 } else if (elevation < water_thresh) {
 484                                         if (variation > 0.3) {
 485                                                 p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = algae;
 486                                         } else {
 487                                                 p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = water;
 488                                         }
 489                                 } else if (elevation < beach_thresh) {
 490                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = sand;
 491                                 } else if (elevation < highland_thresh) {
 492                                         if (near_axis < equ_thresh) {
 493                                                 if (variation > 0.6) {
 494                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = grass;
 495                                                 } else if (variation > 0.2) {
 496                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = sand;
 497                                                 } else {
 498                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = desert;
 499                                                 }
 500                                         } else if (near_axis < fzone_start) {
 501                                                 if (variation > 0.4) {
 502                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = forest;
 503                                                 } else if (variation < -0.5) {
 504                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = jungle;
 505                                                 } else if (variation > -0.02 && variation < 0.02) {
 506                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = wheat;
 507                                                 } else {
 508                                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = grass;
 509                                                 }
 510                                         } else if (near_axis < fzone_end) {
 511                                                 p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = tundra;
 512                                         } else {
 513                                                 p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = taiga;
 514                                         }
 515                                 } else if (elevation < mountain_thresh) {
 516                                         if (variation > 0.3) {
 517                                                 p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = mntn;
 518                                         } else {
 519                                                 p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = rock;
 520                                         }
 521                                 } else {
 522                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = mntn;
 523                                 }
 524                         }
 525                 }
 526         }
 527         p.BuildVAO(tiles);
 528 }
 529
 530 void GenerateTest(const Set<TileType> &tiles, Planet &p) noexcept {
 531         for (int surface = 0; surface <= 5; ++surface) {
 532                 for (int y = 0; y < p.SideLength(); ++y) {
 533                         for (int x = 0; x < p.SideLength(); ++x) {
 534                                 if (x == p.SideLength() / 2 && y == p.SideLength() / 2) {
 535                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = surface;
 536                                 } else {
 537                                         p.TileAt(surface, x, y).type = (x == p.SideLength()/2) + (y == p.SideLength()/2) + 6;
 538                                 }
 539                         }
 540                 }
 541         }
 542         p.BuildVAO(tiles);
 543 }
 544
 545
 546 Sun::Sun()
 547 : Body() {
 548 }
 549
 550 Sun::~Sun() {
 551 }
 552
 553
 554 std::vector<TileType::Yield>::const_iterator TileType::FindResource(int r) const {
 555         auto yield = resources.cbegin();
 556         for (; yield != resources.cend(); ++yield) {
 557                 if (yield->resource == r) {
 558                         break;
 559                 }
 560         }
 561         return yield;
 562 }
 563
 564 }
 565 }